In Praise of Athenian Democracy

     Pericles describes Athenian democracy as an example institution that rivals their neighbors' forms of government. He notes that Athens is referred to as having a democracy because of the fact that the administration is in the hands of the majority and not the minority. He goes on to say that due to the fact that Athens has an established democracy, every citizen is treated equally under the law. However, he also acknowledges the fact that if someone does something great or selfless, such as leading a military victory, they will receive rewards. This is not to be confused "as a matter of privilege, but as the reward of merit." Pericles then adds that wealth is not a factor, and that everyone will be treated equally regardless of their social status. That being said, poverty should not be an excuse to avoid serving Athens, since everyone is equal under the law and therefore should contribute equally to serving Athens and the community. Pericles continues by stating that while people are allowed to do or think what they wish in the privacy of their homes, doing so in public will result in punishment as it is a violation and a disrespect of the law and the authorities.
     Pericles's argument for democracy draws from both fundamental principles such as human equality and from practical benefits that derive from such as system of government. Pericles first focuses on the importance of every citizen having their basic human rights. He then goes on to list the benefits of having a democratic society, such as the strength of the military and the copious amount of leisure time.
     Pericles believes that democracy produces ideal and civilized citizens. He notes that they have a lot of leisure time, and they take advantage and encourage that time. He then goes on to talk about the Athenian military and, although the youth spend much of their time training for battle, they still live at ease. Also, they are an open nation that values knowledge and does not rely on trickery but on "our own hearts and hands." Therefore, the Athenian society is an easygoing society, yet they are prepared for battle whenever they are called to do so. Pericles finishes off by stating that the Athenians are simple people in a simple society. He states that since everyone does whatever they are supposed to do to serve Athens, then they are able to live in peace and simplicity. However, if someone decides to serve their own household before the community, that is when the problems arise. Critics may have responded to Pericles's arguments by stating that they just lost the Peloponnesian War against Sparta, therefore Pericles does not know what he is talking about.
     Even though Athens lost the Peloponnesian War, I think Pericles's argument still has some validity to it, in terms of the other aspects of Athenian lifestyle besides its military. In terms of the military, I feel as if they may want to rethink some of their strategies and be less open. To me, it seems as if Pericles seems to be very arrogant, which distorts some of the descriptions he has of Athenian lifestyle. This arrogance could be due to the fact that Athens led the battle against the Persian army and won, prompting Pericles to believe that Athens was indestructible, resulting in him describing Athens in a more glorious light.